Key things to know
- Social, illegal, or non-prescription drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, opioids or heroin can harm a baby’s heart and brain development and increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm birth.
- Using these drugs also increases the risk of infections such as hepatitis C and HIV, particularly if needles are shared.
- There are no safe limits for using these drugs Before the Baby Bump.
Social drugs are non-prescription or illegal drugs or substances that are not required to treat a medical condition. Using these, or misusing prescription drugs, can lower fertility and affect the health of a future baby.
Many people find it difficult to stop using social drugs due to past experiences, ongoing injuries, or social stress. Telling your GP about social drug use can help them provide the best care for you and your future baby.
The sooner you can stop using, the sooner you can reduce or prevent long-term reproductive problems that can occur with social drug use. This includes drugs that are often used for bodybuilding or competitive sports, such as anabolic steroids, which can also impact fertility.
Any drugs taken enter the bloodstream and can reach the baby via the placenta, which may cause health problems.
Myth busting
Stopping some prescription medications can pose a risk to the parent and future baby. Talking to your GP or trusted health professional can ensure any necessary medications are safe to use before and during pregnancy.
Medication prescribed by a GP or doctor are generally safe to use before pregnancy. However, because it’s hard to know the exact moment pregnancy occurs, it’s important to review all medications with a health professional when you start trying for a baby to ensure they remain safe during pregnancy.
Fact sheets
Checklist for women
Download: Checklist for women
Checklist for men
Download: Checklist for men
Facts
Drugs affect fertility in both men and women
Social and recreational drugs can affect fertility in men and women.
In women, heavy cannabis use can alter hormone levels, affect ovulation, and reduce the chance of pregnancy.
In men, anabolic steroids, cannabis, cocaine, and heroin can lower testosterone levels, reduce sperm count, decrease semen volume, and reduce sperm motility, all of which make fertilisation less likely.
Drugs affect the baby
Drug use during pregnancy can also seriously harm the developing baby, increasing the risk of poor brain development, low birth weight, miscarriage, or stillbirth.
Work as a team
Using social or recreational drugs can affect your health, fertility, and overall wellbeing. Choosing to reduce or stop using as a couple can improve your chances of long-term success.
If you are worried about withdrawal or managing drug use, speak with your GP about the support and resources available to help you safely make these changes.
Support resources
Sperm Health
Drugs, alcohol and trying to conceive
Support services
Alcohol and Drug Support – free to call 24/7; 1800 177 833 plus a website with further information and an option to chat with a counsellor online.
I am sober – sobriety tracking and support that can help people recover from addictions to alcohol or other substances. These tools can also support reductions in smoking, vaping, caffeine, or other behaviours that may be addictive.
National Alcohol and Other Drug Hotline – confidential advice and support.
Dib – Your Drug Info Bot – a friendly knowledgeable chatbot for consumers to talk to for anonymous, non-judgemental and trustworthy information about alcohol and other drugs.
Smart Recovery Australia – weekly, free and facilitated online or in-person support meetings for addictive behaviours such as alcohol, drugs, gambling, food, cigarettes and more.
References
- Fronczak, C. M., E. D. Kim and A. B. Barqawi (2012). “The Insults of Illicit Drug Use on Male Fertility.” Journal of Andrology 33(4): 515-528.
- Harlow, AF, Wesselink, AK, Hatch, EE, Rothman, KJ, Wise, LA (2020) Male Preconception Marijuana Use and Spontaneous Abortion: A Prospective Cohort Study. Epidemiology.
- Sansone, A., C. Di Dato, C. de Angelis, D. Menafra, C. Pozza, R. Pivonello, A. Isidori and D. Gianfrilli (2018). “Smoke, alcohol and drug addiction and male fertility.” Reproductive biology and endocrinology: RB&E 16(1): 3-3.
- Tommy’s, Drugs, alcohol and trying to conceive, https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/planning-pregnancy/are-you-ready-conceive/drugs-alcohol-and-trying-conceive
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